Periphery Countries 2022

Sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-systems theory divides nations into three groups: core countries, periphery countries, and transition countries.

These categories help researchers better understand global history and social change. There are three levels of nations in world-systems theory: Core, Periphery and Semi-Periphery.

Countries in the sociological model of the World-Systems Theory:

• Core countries: Produce goods that need a high level of technical expertise and/or substantial financial resources. They have economic ties with countries on the periphery and the semiperiphery that are sometimes uneven. Capitalist nations with substantial economic, political, and military clout are the core of the global economy. They might turn to countries on the periphery and semiperiphery to take advantage of inexpensive labour, agricultural goods, and raw resources.
• Periphery countries: The least developed and emerging nations make up the periphery. Most of these nations rely on them as a cheap supply of agricultural labour, raw materials, and raw materials for manufacturing to keep their economies afloat.
• Intermediate development countries: These countries fall somewhere in between. Nations on the periphery have grown enough that they can now make use of lower-cost labour, food, and other resources in core countries.

Wallerstein’s World-Systems Theory’s Periphery Countries

Peripheral countries are located at the other end of the economic spectrum from core nations. Most of these nations have low or middling incomes and get a disproportionately tiny fraction of global wealth, making them the least developed compared to the core and semiperiphery countries.

Unstable governments (which may be corrupt or controlled by another country), armed conflict or war, weak educational and health care systems and an absence of technology and infrastructure are common difficulties in these developing nations.

All of these issues limit the growth and prosperity of nations on the periphery.

As a result, they have low-skill, labour-intensive economies that tend to concentrate on one sector, such as agriculture or mining. As a result, the country’s economy is fragile, and investment is restricted.

Core and semiperiphery nations usually exploit peripheral countries through exploitative business practices such as paying below market price for raw commodities, underpaying labour and operating without regard to environmental sustainability.

Because they rely on the core nations, the peripheral countries may be unable to advance and assist the core countries in maintaining their worldwide dominance.

Also See: Paris Climate Agreement Countries 2022

This is referred to as the dependence hypothesis, in which resources move from a poor, underdeveloped country to a wealthy one, benefiting the wealthy country at the cost of the impoverished.

Human development index values are low for nations in the periphery (HDI). These are only a few metrics that go into creating the H.D.I. (Human Development Index). The maximum level of human development is 1.0 on the index ranges from 0 to 1.0.

Very high (0.8-1.0), high human development (0.7-0.79), medium (0.55-0.70), and low (0.55-0.70) levels of human development make up the four tiers of the HDI (below 0.55). Approximately half of the nations in the periphery have human development levels in the middle and poor ranges.

Salvatore Babones, a sociologist, established a list of the world’s peripheral nations in 2005, while Christopher Chase-Dunn, Yukio Kawano, and Benjamin D. Brewer, a sociology professor, published their findings in the American Sociological Review in 2000.