The human race may be split into various separate groupings of individuals based on common genetic or ethnic origins and/or attributes. Race is an outdated idea.
A nation is said to be racially diverse if it has various ethnic groups, each with its own distinctive culture and language. Despite “racial” distinctions in skin color and hair texture, genetic investigations have shown that the idea of race has no biogenetic foundation.
Racism, according to today’s historians, is a cultural creation that was first popularised during Europe’s Age of Exploration (about 1400-1650).
It has been used to describe physical characteristics (such as being Caucasian or Black) as well as geographic origins (such as Asians, Africans, Indians), languages (such as Greeks and Arabs), and religions (such as Jews and Muslims) (Irish, Koreans, Hispanics).
Many people use the term “cultural diversity” interchangeably with “racial diversity,” which is wrong since cultural diversity is more scientifically sound. This idea has nothing to do with megadiversity as a concept in ecological terms.
Is global diversity increasing or decreasing?
Many countries are seeing a rise in racial diversity, generally due to increased immigration. The growth of the global economy and the ease with which people may now move between continents and countries explains a lot of this.
All of these things have made it easier for individuals to move abroad for various reasons, including employment, marriage, politics, or just a change of scenery.
People in 27 countries questioned by Pew Research Center in 2019 said that their countries had been more diverse over the last two decades. Only 23% of those polled thought it was bad that the United States was becoming more diverse ethnically.
There was a clear divide between younger, more liberal, and more educated respondents who favored greater diversity and older, more conservative, and less well-educated respondents.
California, Texas, Hawaii, New Jersey, and New York are the most varied states in the United States. Immigrants are common to settle in coastal states with huge cities and high employment prospects, such as New York, New Jersey, and California.
What does the term “fractionalization” mean when it comes to diversity?
A report titled “Fractionalization” study in the Journal of Economic Growth by a team of researchers from Harvard University, the World Bank, Stanford University, and New York University is one of the most extensive studies.
This is a measure of how likely it is that two random persons in a particular nation would come from two distinct groups (ethnicities, religions, etc.) or speak two different languages. Fractionalization begins with a number in the range of 0 to 1, with 0 denoting no variation and 1 denoting all possible variations simultaneously.
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Non-statisticians may find it simpler to understand this probability percentage form of Fractionalization than the more traditional way of describing it. The following is a list of the 10 most ethnically diverse nations globally.
Further down in the chart, other nations are included as religious and linguistic divisions. Erkan Gören’s 2013 research on various cultures is often cited as a source of inspiration for these findings.
By Ethnic Fractionalization, the following countries are the most diverse in the world:
Rank | Country | Fractionalization | Probability of diversity |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Uganda | .9302 | 93.02% |
2 | Liberia | .9084 | 90.84% |
3 | Madagascar | .8791 | 87.91% |
4 | Congo (Dem. Rep.) | .8747 | 87.47% |
5 | Congo (Republic of) | .8747 | 87.47% |
6 | Cameroon | .8635 | 86.35% |
7 | Chad | .8620 | 86.20% |
8 | Kenya | .8588 | 85.88% |
9 | Nigeria | .8505 | 85.05% |
10 | Central African Republic | .8295 | 82.95% |
- Uganda (93.02%)
- Liberia (90.84%)
- Madagascar (87.91%)
- DR Congo (87.47%)
- Republic of the Congo (87.47%)
- Cameroon (86.35%)
- Chad (86.20%)
- Kenya (85.88%)
- Nigeria (85.05%)
- Central African Republic (82.95%)
Country | Ethnic Fractionalization | Linguistic Frac. | Religious Frac. | 2022 Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Uganda | 0.9302 | 0.9227 | 0.6332 | 48432.8630 |
Liberia | 0.9084 | 0.9038 | 0.4883 | 5305.1170 |
Madagascar | 0.8791 | 0.0204 | 0.5191 | 29178.0770 |
Republic of the Congo | 0.8747 | 0.6871 | 0.6642 | 5797.8050 |
DR Congo | 0.8747 | 0.8705 | 0.7021 | 95240.7920 |
Cameroon | 0.8635 | 0.8898 | 0.7338 | 27911.5480 |
Chad | 0.8620 | 0.8635 | 0.6411 | 17413.5800 |
Kenya | 0.8588 | 0.8860 | 0.7765 | 56215.2210 |
Nigeria | 0.8505 | 0.8316 | 0.7421 | 216746.9340 |
Central African Republic | 0.8295 | 0.8334 | 0.7916 | 5016.6780 |
Ivory Coast | 0.8204 | 0.7842 | 0.7551 | 27742.2980 |
Sierra Leone | 0.8191 | 0.7634 | 0.5395 | 8306.4360 |
Somalia | 0.8117 | 0.0326 | 0.0028 | 16841.7950 |
Guinea-Bissau | 0.8082 | 0.8141 | 0.6128 | 2063.3670 |
Djibouti | 0.7962 | 0.6558 | 0.0435 | 1016.0970 |
Libya | 0.7920 | 0.0758 | 0.0570 | 7040.7450 |
Benin | 0.7872 | 0.7905 | 0.5544 | 12784.7260 |
Angola | 0.7867 | 0.7870 | 0.6276 | 35027.3430 |
Gambia | 0.7864 | 0.8076 | 0.0970 | 2558.4820 |
Zambia | 0.7808 | 0.8734 | 0.7359 | 19470.2340 |
Afghanistan | 0.7693 | 0.6141 | 0.2717 | 40754.3880 |
Gabon | 0.7690 | 0.7821 | 0.6674 | 2331.5330 |
South Africa | 0.7517 | 0.8652 | 0.8603 | 60756.1350 |
Qatar | 0.7456 | 0.4800 | 0.0950 | 2979.9150 |
Bolivia | 0.7396 | 0.2240 | 0.2085 | 11992.6560 |
Guinea | 0.7389 | 0.7725 | 0.2649 | 13865.6910 |
Burkina Faso | 0.7377 | 0.7228 | 0.5798 | 22102.8380 |
Tanzania | 0.7353 | 0.8983 | 0.6334 | 63298.5500 |
Indonesia | 0.7351 | 0.7680 | 0.2340 | 279134.5050 |
Suriname | 0.7332 | 0.3310 | 0.7910 | 596.8310 |
Ethiopia | 0.7235 | 0.8073 | 0.6249 | 120812.6980 |
Sudan | 0.7147 | 0.7190 | 0.4307 | 45992.0200 |
Andorra | 0.7139 | 0.6848 | 0.2326 | 77.4630 |
Canada | 0.7124 | 0.5772 | 0.6958 | 38388.4190 |
Togo | 0.7099 | 0.8980 | 0.6596 | 8680.8370 |
Pakistan | 0.7098 | 0.7190 | 0.3848 | 229488.9940 |
Belize | 0.7015 | 0.6303 | 0.5813 | 412.1900 |
Micronesia | 0.7005 | 0.7483 | 0.6469 | 117.4890 |
Senegal | 0.6939 | 0.7081 | 0.1497 | 17653.6710 |
Mozambique | 0.6932 | 0.8125 | 0.6759 | 33089.4610 |
Mali | 0.6906 | 0.8388 | 0.1820 | 21473.7640 |
Monaco | 0.6838 | 0.7305 | 0.3047 | 39.7830 |
Kyrgyzstan | 0.6752 | 0.5949 | 0.4470 | 6728.2710 |
Malawi | 0.6744 | 0.6023 | 0.8192 | 20180.8390 |
Ghana | 0.6733 | 0.6731 | 0.7987 | 32395.4500 |
Iran | 0.6684 | 0.7462 | 0.1152 | 86022.8370 |
Nepal | 0.6632 | 0.7167 | 0.1417 | 30225.5820 |
Kuwait | 0.6604 | 0.3444 | 0.6745 | 4380.3260 |
Peru | 0.6566 | 0.3358 | 0.1988 | 33684.2080 |
Ecuador | 0.6550 | 0.1308 | 0.1417 | 18113.3610 |
Eritrea | 0.6524 | 0.6530 | 0.4253 | 3662.2440 |
Niger | 0.6518 | 0.6519 | 0.2013 | 26083.6600 |
Trinidad and Tobago | 0.6475 | 0.1251 | 0.7936 | 1406.5850 |
Thailand | 0.6338 | 0.6344 | 0.0994 | 70078.2030 |
Namibia | 0.6329 | 0.7005 | 0.6626 | 2633.8740 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.6300 | 0.6751 | 0.6851 | 3249.3170 |
United Arab Emirates | 0.6252 | 0.4874 | 0.3310 | 10081.7850 |
Guyana | 0.6195 | 0.0688 | 0.7876 | 794.0450 |
Kazakhstan | 0.6171 | 0.6621 | 0.5898 | 19205.0430 |
Mauritania | 0.6150 | 0.3260 | 0.0149 | 4901.9810 |
Bhutan | 0.6050 | 0.6056 | 0.3787 | 787.9410 |
Colombia | 0.6014 | 0.0193 | 0.1478 | 51512.7620 |
Jordan | 0.5926 | 0.0396 | 0.0659 | 10300.8690 |
Cuba | 0.5908 | 0 | 0.5059 | 11305.6520 |
Malaysia | 0.5880 | 0.5970 | 0.6657 | 33181.0720 |
Latvia | 0.5867 | 0.5795 | 0.5556 | 1848.8370 |
Nauru | 0.5832 | 0.6161 | 0.6194 | 10.9030 |
Serbia | 0.5736 | 0 | 0 | 8653.0160 |
Liechtenstein | 0.5726 | 0.2246 | 0.3343 | 38.3870 |
Belgium | 0.5554 | 0.5409 | 0.2127 | 11668.2780 |
Moldova | 0.5535 | 0.5533 | 0.5603 | 4013.1710 |
Panama | 0.5528 | 0.3873 | 0.3338 | 4446.9640 |
Fiji | 0.5479 | 0.5479 | 0.5682 | 909.4660 |
Mexico | 0.5418 | 0.1511 | 0.1796 | 131562.7720 |
Brunei | 0.5416 | 0.3438 | 0.4404 | 445.4310 |
Brazil | 0.5408 | 0.0468 | 0.6054 | 215353.5930 |
Syria | 0.5399 | 0.1817 | 0.4310 | 19364.8090 |
Switzerland | 0.5314 | 0.5441 | 0.6083 | 8773.6370 |
Luxembourg | 0.5302 | 0.6440 | 0.0911 | 642.3710 |
Laos | 0.5139 | 0.6382 | 0.5453 | 7481.0230 |
Guatemala | 0.5122 | 0.4586 | 0.3753 | 18584.0390 |
Tajikistan | 0.5107 | 0.5473 | 0.3386 | 9957.4640 |
Estonia | 0.5062 | 0.4944 | 0.4985 | 1321.9100 |
Myanmar | 0.5062 | 0.5072 | 0.1974 | 55227.1430 |
North Macedonia | 0.5023 | 0.5021 | 0.5899 | 2081.3040 |
Bahrain | 0.5021 | 0.4344 | 0.5528 | 1783.9830 |
Venezuela | 0.4966 | 0.0686 | 0.1350 | 29266.9910 |
Georgia | 0.4923 | 0.4749 | 0.6543 | 3968.7380 |
United States | 0.4901 | 0.5647 | 0.8241 | 334805.2690 |
Nicaragua | 0.4844 | 0.0473 | 0.4290 | 6779.1000 |
Morocco | 0.4841 | 0.4683 | 0.0035 | 37772.7560 |
Ukraine | 0.4737 | 0.4741 | 0.6157 | 43192.1220 |
Mauritius | 0.4634 | 0.4547 | 0.6385 | 1274.7270 |
Oman | 0.4373 | 0.3567 | 0.4322 | 5323.9930 |
Palau | 0.4312 | 0.3157 | 0.7147 | 18.2330 |
Dominican Republic | 0.4294 | 0.0395 | 0.3118 | 11056.3700 |
Bahamas | 0.4228 | 0.1855 | 0.6815 | 400.5160 |
India | 0.4182 | 0.8069 | 0.3260 | 1406631.7760 |
Cape Verde | 0.4174 | 0 | 0.0766 | 567.6780 |
Spain | 0.4165 | 0.4132 | 0.4514 | 46719.1420 |
Sri Lanka | 0.4150 | 0.4645 | 0.4853 | 21575.8420 |
Jamaica | 0.4129 | 0.1098 | 0.6160 | 2985.0940 |
Uzbekistan | 0.4125 | 0.4120 | 0.2133 | 34382.0840 |
Botswana | 0.4102 | 0.4110 | 0.5986 | 2441.1620 |
Bulgaria | 0.4021 | 0.3031 | 0.5965 | 6844.5970 |
New Zealand | 0.3969 | 0.1657 | 0.8110 | 4898.2030 |
Turkmenistan | 0.3918 | 0.3984 | 0.2327 | 6201.9430 |
Zimbabwe | 0.3874 | 0.4472 | 0.7363 | 15331.4280 |
Singapore | 0.3857 | 0.3835 | 0.6561 | 5943.5460 |
Croatia | 0.3690 | 0.0763 | 0.4447 | 4059.2860 |
Iraq | 0.3689 | 0.3694 | 0.4844 | 42164.9650 |
Mongolia | 0.3682 | 0.3734 | 0.0799 | 3378.0780 |
Equatorial Guinea | 0.3467 | 0.3220 | 0.1195 | 1496.6620 |
Israel | 0.3436 | 0.5525 | 0.3469 | 8922.8920 |
Algeria | 0.3394 | 0.4427 | 0.0091 | 45350.1480 |
Rwanda | 0.3238 | 0 | 0.5066 | 13600.4640 |
Lithuania | 0.3223 | 0.3219 | 0.4141 | 2661.7080 |
Belarus | 0.3222 | 0.4666 | 0.6116 | 9432.8000 |
Czech Republic | 0.3222 | 0.3233 | 0.6591 | 10736.7840 |
Turkey | 0.3200 | 0.2216 | 0.0049 | 85561.9760 |
Romania | 0.3069 | 0.1723 | 0.2373 | 19031.3350 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.3066 | 0.0175 | 0.7028 | 111.5510 |
Burundi | 0.2951 | 0.2977 | 0.5158 | 12624.8400 |
San Marino | 0.2927 | 0 | 0.1975 | 34.0850 |
Taiwan | 0.2744 | 0.5028 | 0.6845 | 23888.5950 |
Papua New Guinea | 0.2718 | 0.3526 | 0.5523 | 9292.1690 |
Grenada | 0.2661 | 0 | 0.5898 | 113.4750 |
Lesotho | 0.2550 | 0.2543 | 0.7211 | 2175.6990 |
Argentina | 0.2550 | 0.0618 | 0.2236 | 46010.2340 |
Slovakia | 0.2539 | 0.2551 | 0.5655 | 5460.1930 |
Uruguay | 0.2504 | 0.0817 | 0.3548 | 3496.0160 |
Russia | 0.2452 | 0.2485 | 0.4398 | 145805.9470 |
Philippines | 0.2385 | 0.8360 | 0.3056 | 112508.9940 |
Vietnam | 0.2383 | 0.2377 | 0.5080 | 98953.5410 |
Costa Rica | 0.2368 | 0.0489 | 0.2410 | 5182.3540 |
Slovenia | 0.2216 | 0.2201 | 0.2868 | 2078.0340 |
Albania | 0.2204 | 0.0399 | 0.4719 | 2866.3740 |
Cambodia | 0.2105 | 0.2104 | 0.0965 | 17168.6390 |
Azerbaijan | 0.2047 | 0.2054 | 0.4899 | 10300.2050 |
Seychelles | 0.2025 | 0.1606 | 0.2323 | 99.4260 |
Dominica | 0.2003 | 0 | 0.4628 | 72.3440 |
El Salvador | 0.1978 | 0 | 0.3559 | 6550.3890 |
Honduras | 0.1867 | 0.0553 | 0.2357 | 10221.2470 |
Chile | 0.1861 | 0.1871 | 0.3841 | 19250.1950 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.1842 | 0 | 0.6614 | 53.8710 |
Egypt | 0.1836 | 0.0237 | 0.1979 | 106156.6920 |
Saudi Arabia | 0.1800 | 0.0949 | 0.1270 | 35844.9090 |
Saint Lucia | 0.1769 | 0.3169 | 0.3320 | 185.1130 |
Paraguay | 0.1689 | 0.5975 | 0.2123 | 7305.8430 |
Germany | 0.1682 | 0.1642 | 0.6571 | 83883.5960 |
Antigua and Barbuda | 0.1643 | 0.1063 | 0.6840 | 99.5090 |
Tuvalu | 0.1629 | 0.1372 | 0.2524 | 12.0660 |
Greece | 0.1576 | 0.0300 | 0.1530 | 10316.6370 |
China | 0.1538 | 0.1327 | 0.6643 | 1448471.4000 |
Hungary | 0.1522 | 0.0297 | 0.5244 | 9606.2590 |
Barbados | 0.1423 | 0.0926 | 0.6934 | 288.0230 |
Samoa | 0.1376 | 0.0111 | 0.7871 | 202.2390 |
Finland | 0.1315 | 0.1412 | 0.2531 | 5554.9600 |
Lebanon | 0.1314 | 0.1312 | 0.7886 | 6684.8490 |
Armenia | 0.1272 | 0.1292 | 0.4576 | 2971.9660 |
United Kingdom | 0.1211 | 0.0532 | 0.6944 | 68497.9070 |
Ireland | 0.1206 | 0.0312 | 0.1550 | 5020.1990 |
Poland | 0.1183 | 0.0468 | 0.1712 | 37739.7850 |
Italy | 0.1145 | 0.1147 | 0.3027 | 60262.7700 |
Solomon Islands | 0.1110 | 0.5254 | 0.6708 | 721.1590 |
Austria | 0.1068 | 0.1522 | 0.4146 | 9066.7100 |
Netherlands | 0.1054 | 0.5143 | 0.7222 | 17211.4470 |
France | 0.1032 | 0.1221 | 0.4029 | 65584.5180 |
Haiti | 0.0950 | 0 | 0.4704 | 11680.2830 |
Cyprus | 0.0939 | 0.3962 | 0.3962 | 1223.3870 |
Australia | 0.0929 | 0.3349 | 0.8211 | 26068.7920 |
Tonga | 0.0869 | 0.3782 | 0.6214 | 107.7490 |
Denmark | 0.0819 | 0.1049 | 0.2333 | 5834.9500 |
Iceland | 0.0798 | 0.0820 | 0.1913 | 345.3930 |
Hong Kong | 0.0620 | 0.2128 | 0.4191 | 7604.2990 |
Marshall Islands | 0.0603 | 0.0734 | 0.5207 | 60.0570 |
Sweden | 0.0600 | 0.1968 | 0.2342 | 10218.9710 |
Norway | 0.0586 | 0.0673 | 0.2048 | 5511.3700 |
Eswatini | 0.0582 | 0.1722 | 0.4444 | 1184.8170 |
Kiribati | 0.0511 | 0.0237 | 0.5541 | 123.4190 |
Portugal | 0.0468 | 0.0198 | 0.1438 | 10140.5700 |
Bangladesh | 0.0454 | 0.0925 | 0.2090 | 167885.6890 |
Malta | 0.0414 | 0.0907 | 0.1223 | 444.0330 |
Vanuatu | 0.0413 | 0.5794 | 0.7044 | 321.8320 |
Tunisia | 0.0394 | 0.0124 | 0.0104 | 12046.6560 |
South Korea | 0.0392 | 0.0028 | 0.4891 | 51329.8990 |
Japan | 0.0119 | 0.0178 | 0.5406 | 125584.8380 |
North Korea | 0.0020 | 0.0021 | 0.6604 | 25990.6790 |
Vatican City | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7990 |
Faroe Islands | 0 | 0 | 0.3147 | 49.2330 |
American Samoa | 0 | 0.1733 | 0.6395 | 55.0300 |
Greenland | 0 | 0.2188 | 0.4592 | 56.9730 |
Northern Mariana Islands | 0 | 0.7754 | 0.4811 | 58.2690 |
Bermuda | 0 | 0 | 0.7112 | 61.9390 |
Isle of Man | 0 | 0 | 0.4729 | 85.7320 |
United States Virgin Islands | 0 | 0.3140 | 0.6359 | 103.9710 |
Aruba | 0 | 0.3889 | 0.4107 | 107.6090 |
Guam | 0 | 0.7320 | 0.4082 | 171.5190 |
Sao Tome and Principe | 0 | 0.2322 | 0.1866 | 227.6790 |
French Polynesia | 0 | 0.6078 | 0.5813 | 284.1640 |
Mayotte | 0 | 0.7212 | 0.0620 | 286.2590 |
New Caledonia | 0 | 0.6633 | 0.5462 | 290.9150 |
French Guiana | 0 | 0.1154 | 0.4959 | 314.1690 |
Martinique | 0 | 0 | 0.2336 | 374.0870 |
Guadeloupe | 0 | 0.0933 | 0.3069 | 399.7940 |
Maldives | 0 | 0 | 0 | 540.9850 |
Montenegro | 0 | 0 | 0 | 627.9500 |
Macau | 0 | 0.2519 | 0.5511 | 667.4900 |
Comoros | 0 | 0.0103 | 0.0137 | 907.4190 |
Reunion | 0 | 0.1578 | 0.1952 | 908.0610 |
Timor-Leste | 0 | 0.5261 | 0.4254 | 1369.4290 |
Puerto Rico | 0 | 0.0352 | 0.4952 | 2829.8120 |
Palestine | 0 | 0.0104 | 0.0342 | 5345.5410 |
South Sudan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11618.5110 |
Yemen | 0 | 0.0080 | 0.0023 | 31154.8670 |