The IMF is a global organization that works to promote international monetary cooperation and facilitate international trade. IMF stands for International Monetary Fund.
Brief history of IMF
It was established in 1944, and since then, it has played a crucial role in stabilizing the global economy and promoting economic growth.
Table of Contents
IMF functions and IMF works
The main functions of the IMF are to provide financial assistance to countries experiencing economic difficulties, to monitor the economic and financial policies of member countries, and to provide technical assistance and training to member countries to improve their economic and financial management.
One of the key functions of the IMF is to provide financial assistance to countries experiencing balance of payments problems.
The IMF provides loans to member countries that are facing economic difficulties due to factors such as currency devaluation, high inflation, or a large trade deficit.
Role of imf
The IMF also provides policy advice to these countries to help them address their economic problems and implement necessary economic reforms.
The IMF also plays a significant role in monitoring the economic and financial policies of its member countries. It regularly assesses the economic and financial health of member countries and provides recommendations to improve their policies.
This monitoring process helps to ensure that member countries maintain stable economic and financial conditions and avoid economic crises.
In addition to financial assistance and policy advice, the IMF provides technical assistance and training to member countries. This assistance helps to improve the capacity of member countries to manage their economies and implement economic reforms.
The IMF also works with other international organizations, such as the World Bank, to support economic development and poverty reduction in developing countries.
The IMF’s work is crucial in ensuring that the global economy functions effectively and benefits people around the world.
The IMF is composed of 190 member countries, and its operations are governed by a Board of Governors and an Executive Board. The Board of Governors is made up of one representative from each member country and meets once a year to discuss and review the organization’s activities.
The Executive Board, on the other hand, is composed of 24 directors who are appointed by member countries, and it oversees the day-to-day operations of the IMF.
The IMF’s lending activities are mainly divided into two categories: Stand-By Arrangements and Extended Fund Facilities.
Stand-By Arrangements are short-term loans that are designed to help countries address immediate balance of payments difficulties.
Extended Fund Facilities, on the other hand, are long-term loans that are intended to support more comprehensive economic reform programs.
To qualify for IMF financial assistance, member countries must meet certain criteria, such as having a balance of payments deficit, implementing sound economic policies, and having a sustainable debt level.
In exchange for IMF loans, member countries are required to implement economic reforms that are aimed at improving their economic and financial stability. These reforms can include measures such as reducing government spending, increasing tax revenues, and improving the business environment.
In addition to its lending activities, the IMF also provides technical assistance and training to its member countries. This assistance can include help with developing economic policies, strengthening financial systems, and improving tax administration.
The IMF also conducts research and analysis on a wide range of economic issues, which is used to inform its policy advice and technical assistance activities.
Critics of the IMF argue that its policies can be too focused on promoting economic liberalization and that they can lead to negative social and environmental impacts in borrowing countries.
Some also argue that the conditions attached to IMF loans can be too harsh and can exacerbate economic difficulties in borrowing countries.
However, proponents of the IMF argue that its policies have helped to stabilize the global economy and have promoted economic growth and poverty reduction in many countries.
Overall, the International Monetary Fund plays an important role in promoting economic stability and growth around the world. Its financial assistance, policy advice, and technical assistance activities help member countries to address economic difficulties and implement necessary economic reforms.
While there are some criticisms of the organization, its work remains critical in ensuring that the global economy functions effectively and benefits people around the world.
One of the key principles of the IMF is that its lending activities should be aimed at supporting economic reform programs that are designed and implemented by the borrowing countries themselves.
This approach is intended to ensure that the economic policies being implemented are appropriate for the specific circumstances of each country and that they are sustainable over the long term.
To support this principle, the IMF works closely with member countries to develop economic reform programs that are tailored to their specific needs and circumstances.
The IMF has been involved in a number of high-profile crises over the years, including the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997-98 and the global financial crisis of 2008-09.
In these crises, the IMF played a key role in providing financial assistance to affected countries and helping them to implement necessary economic reforms.
While the IMF’s response to these crises was not without controversy, many analysts credit the organization with playing a critical role in stabilizing the global economy during these difficult times.
In recent years, the IMF has become increasingly focused on issues related to sustainable development and climate change.
In 2020, the organization announced that it would be incorporating climate change into its economic analysis and policy advice, recognizing the importance of addressing this global challenge in its work.
The IMF has also launched a new facility, called the Green Fund, which is aimed at supporting member countries in their efforts to transition to low-carbon and climate-resilient economies.
Finally, it is worth noting that the IMF’s work is closely linked to that of other international organizations, such as the World Bank and the United Nations. These organizations collaborate closely on a range of issues related to global economic development and poverty reduction.
In particular, the IMF works closely with the World Bank to provide financial assistance and technical assistance to developing countries, and it collaborates with the United Nations on issues such as sustainable development and climate change.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has provided financial assistance and policy advice to a large number of countries over the years.
Here are some examples of countries that have received IMF support:
Greece
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has played a significant role in the economic crisis that Greece experienced in the 2010s. In 2010, Greece faced a severe debt crisis that threatened to destabilize the eurozone and the global economy.
To prevent this, the IMF and the European Union (EU) provided Greece with a series of bailout packages, which totaled over 240 billion euros.
The IMF was one of the major lenders in these bailout packages and played a critical role in determining the economic policies that Greece had to implement in exchange for the loans.
The IMF insisted on austerity measures, such as reducing public spending and increasing taxes, as well as structural reforms, such as liberalizing the labor market and improving tax collection.
While the IMF’s involvement in the bailout packages helped prevent an even greater economic disaster, it also sparked controversy and criticism.
Many Greeks opposed the austerity measures and the structural reforms, which they believed had a detrimental effect on their living standards and social welfare.
Some critics also argued that the IMF’s policy prescriptions were too harsh and unrealistic, and that they failed to account for the unique economic and social conditions in Greece.
Overall, the IMF’s involvement in Greece’s economic crisis highlights the organization’s role as a lender of last resort and its ability to shape economic policies in countries facing severe financial difficulties.
However, it also underscores the challenges and trade-offs involved in providing financial assistance to countries in crisis and the need to balance economic stability with social welfare.
Argentina
The IMF has also played a significant role in Argentina’s economic history. Argentina has experienced several economic crises in the past, with the most recent one occurring in 2018.
To help Argentina overcome its economic difficulties, the IMF approved a $57 billion loan in 2018, which was one of the largest in the organization’s history.
The loan was conditional on Argentina implementing a series of economic policy reforms, including reducing public spending, increasing taxes, and improving the central bank’s independence.
The IMF’s support was seen as crucial in helping Argentina avoid a default on its sovereign debt, which could have had severe economic and financial consequences.
However, the IMF’s involvement in Argentina’s economic crisis has also been controversial. Critics argue that the IMF’s policy prescriptions have exacerbated Argentina’s economic problems by imposing strict austerity measures that have led to a decline in social welfare and worsened economic inequality.
Some also accuse the IMF bank of being overly influenced by the interests of its member countries and financial institutions, rather than the needs of the countries it is supposed to serve.
Overall, the IMF’s involvement in Argentina’s economic crisis highlights the complex role of international financial institutions in supporting countries facing economic difficulties.
While the IMF’s loans can provide much-needed financial assistance, they also come with conditions that can be difficult to implement and may have negative social and economic consequences.
As such, it is important for the IMF and other international organizations to balance the need for economic stability with social welfare and to ensure that their policies take into account the unique economic and social conditions of each country.
Ukraine
The IMF has been involved in Ukraine’s economic development for several years, providing financial assistance and policy advice to help stabilize the country’s economy and promote sustainable growth. The IMF’s most recent loan program for Ukraine began in 2019, with an initial loan of $3.9 billion.
The IMF’s support for Ukraine has been conditional on the country implementing a range of economic and institutional reforms, including reducing corruption, improving tax collection, and strengthening the financial sector.
The reforms have been aimed at promoting fiscal sustainability, improving governance, and encouraging private sector growth.
Overall, the IMF’s involvement in Ukraine has been seen as crucial in helping the country overcome economic challenges and political instability.
The IMF’s loans have provided Ukraine with access to much-needed financing, and the conditions attached to the loans have helped incentivize policy reforms and promote greater transparency and accountability.
However, the IMF’s involvement in Ukraine has also been criticized by some who argue that the policy reforms and austerity measures imposed by the IMF have had negative social and economic consequences.
Some critics argue that the reforms have led to a decline in social welfare, including reductions in healthcare and education spending, and have worsened economic inequality.
Overall, the IMF’s involvement in Ukraine highlights the difficult trade-offs involved in providing financial assistance and policy advice to countries facing economic challenges.
While the IMF’s loans and policy conditions can provide much-needed support, they can also have negative social and economic consequences, and it is important for the IMF and other international organizations to balance the need for economic stability with social welfare and to ensure that their policies take into account the unique economic and social conditions of each country.
Egypt
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has had a significant relationship with Egypt over the years. In recent years, the IMF has provided financial assistance to Egypt through a number of loan programs.
In 2016, Egypt and the IMF reached a staff-level agreement for a $12 billion loan program over three years, which aimed to support the country’s economic reforms and stabilize its economy.
The loan program included a number of conditions, including reducing the country’s budget deficit, implementing structural reforms, and floating the exchange rate of the Egyptian pound.
The loan program was successfully completed in 2019, and according to the IMF, Egypt made significant progress in reducing its budget deficit, improving its external position, and implementing structural reforms.
However, the loan program also had some negative impacts on the Egyptian population, as it led to the implementation of austerity measures that resulted in inflation and higher costs of living.
More recently, in July 2020, the IMF approved a $5.2 billion loan to support Egypt’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The loan aims to help the country address the economic and health impacts of the pandemic, as well as support structural reforms to promote sustainable and inclusive growth.
Overall, the IMF and Egypt have had a long-standing relationship, with the IMF providing financial assistance to Egypt over the years to support the country’s economic reforms and stabilize its economy.
However, the loan programs have also had some negative impacts on the Egyptian population, and the country continues to face economic challenges.
Pakistan
The International Monetary Fund (IM F) has had a long-standing relationship with Pakistan, providing financial assistance to the country through various loan programs over the years.
In 2019, Pakistan and the IMF reached a staff-level agreement for a $6 billion loan program over three years, which aimed to support the country’s economic reforms and address its balance of payments crisis.
The loan program included a number of conditions, including reducing the country’s budget deficit, increasing revenue collection, and implementing structural reforms in the areas of taxation, energy, and public enterprises.
Pakistan successfully completed the first review of the loan program in 2020, which enabled the disbursement of the second tranche of the loan.
The IMF has commended Pakistan’s progress in implementing economic reforms under the program, but has also highlighted the need for continued efforts to address macroeconomic imbalances, increase social spending, and promote private sector-led growth.
In addition to the loan program, the IMF has also provided technical assistance to Pakistan in various areas, such as tax policy and administration, public financial management, and financial sector stability.
However, like other IMF loan programs, the one with Pakistan has also faced some criticism for its potential negative impacts on the country’s population, such as inflation and austerity measures.
Moreover, Pakistan continues to face significant economic challenges, including high inflation, high public debt, and low foreign exchange reserves, which may require continued support from the international community, including the IMF.
Bangladesh
Bangladesh has had a long-standing relationship with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF has provided financial assistance and policy advice to Bangladesh on several occasions over the years, especially during times of economic crisis.
One example of IMF support for Bangladesh came in the early 1990s, when the country faced a severe balance of payments crisis. The IMF provided a loan to Bangladesh, which helped the country to stabilize its economy and implement necessary economic reforms.
The reforms included reducing government spending, increasing tax revenues, and promoting economic growth through trade liberalization and other measures.
More recently, the IMF provided financial assistance to Bangladesh in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
In April 2020, the IMF approved a $732 million loan to Bangladesh under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF), which is aimed at providing emergency financial assistance to low-income countries facing urgent balance of payments needs.
The loan was intended to help Bangladesh address the economic impact of the pandemic, which had caused significant disruption to the country’s economy.
In addition to financial assistance, the IMF has also provided policy advice and technical assistance to Bangladesh over the years. This has included help with implementing economic reforms, strengthening financial systems, and improving tax administration.
The IMF’s technical assistance is designed to help Bangladesh build its capacity to manage its economy effectively and implement necessary economic reforms.
While the conditions attached to IMF loans are often controversial, many analysts credit the organization with playing a critical role in helping countries like Bangladesh to address economic difficulties and promote sustainable economic growth.
These are just a few examples of the many countries that have received IMF support over the years. Here is the list of countries that have received financial assistance from the IMF, sorted alphabetically:
| Country | Year (s) | |
| 1. | Afghanistan | 2021 |
| 2. | Albania | 1991-1992, 1997-1998, 2000-2001, 2009-2013, 2019-2020 |
| 3. | Algeria | 1969-1970, 1980-1983, 1994-1995, 2014-2017 |
| 4. | Angola | 1989-1990, 1995-1997, 2002-2005, 2009-2011, 2018-2021 |
| 5. | Antigua and Barbuda | 2010-2012, 2016-2019 |
| 6. | Argentina | 1958, 1961, 1964-1965, 1976-1983, 1989-1990, 2000-2001, 2003-2005, 2018-2019 |
| 7. | Armenia | 1993, 1995-1996, 1999-2001, 2003-2004, 2009-2011, 2014-2019 |
| 8. | Aruba | 2009-2010 |
| 9. | Azerbaijan | 1995-1996, 2002-2003, 2009-2010 |
| 10. | Bahamas, The | 1992-1993, 2016-2018 |
| 11. | Bahrain | 1983-1984, 1998-2000, 2018-2019 |
| 12. | Bangladesh | 1974-1975, 1986-1988, 1990-1991, 1996-2000, 2012-2016, 2020 |
| 13. | Barbados | 1979-1982, 1992-1994, 2018-2019 |
| 14. | Belarus | 2009-2010, 2016-2018, 2020 |
| 15. | Belize | 1981-1983, 1993-1994, 1998-2000, 2016-2019 |
| 16. | Benin | 1978-1979, 1984-1986, 1988-1989, 1991-1994, 1998-2001, 2003-2006, 2011-2013, 2017-2021 |
| 17. | Bhutan | 2012-2015 |
| 18. | Bolivia | 1956-1957, 1964-1965, 1971-1975, 1985-1988, 1990-1995, 1999-2001, 2003-2005, 2009-2010, 2020 |
| 19. | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1996-1998, 2001-2003, 2009-2012 |
| 20. | Botswana | 1992-1993 |
| 21. | Brazil | 1946-1951, 1953-1959, 1961-1964, 1979-1983, 1983-1984, 1988-1992, 1998-2002, 2002-2005, 2009-2011, 2018-2019 |
| 22. | Bulgaria | 1990-1991, 1996-199 |
| 23. | Burkina Faso | 1983-1984, 1987-1989, 1991-1993, 1996-1999, 2009-2013, 2020-2021 |
| 24. | Burundi | 1962-1964, 1979-1980, 1986-1988, 1990-1994, 1997-2000, 2005-2008, 2015-2019 |
| 25. | Cabo Verde | 1981-1983, 1987-1990, 1994-1997, 2001-2004, 2008-2011, 2020 |
| 26. | Cambodia | 1994-1997, 2000-2001, 2009-2011 |
| 27. | Cameroon | 1983-1984, 1988-1990, 1994-1997, 2000-2003, 2007-2009, 2017-2021 |
| 28. | Central African Republic | 1963-1965, 1979-1980, 1985-1986, 1987-1989, 1990-1991, 1995-1997, 1998-2000, 2007-2010, 2016-2021 |
| 29. | Chad | 1973-1976, 1983-1986, 1993-1994, 1995-1998, 2003-2006, 2009-2011, 2014-2018 |
| 30. | Chile | 1953-1954, 1961-1962, 1972-1974, 1982-1985, 1985-1986, 1989-1993, 1998-2001, 2009-2011 |
| 31. | China | 1981-1984 |
| 32. | Colombia | 1951-1952, 1954-1956, 1977-1980, 1984-1986, 1999-2002, 2008-2010, 2020 |
| 33. | Comoros | 1985-1986, 1990-1993, 1995-1998, 2009-2010 |
| 34. | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 1967-1971, 1976-1980, 1982-1984, 1990-1992, 1996-1997, 2001-2003, 2010-2013, 2016-2021 |
| 35. | Costa Rica | 1981-1983, 1986-1988, 1995-1997, 2009-2010 |
| 36. | Cote d’Ivoire | 1981-1984, 1987-1990, 1992-1994, 1998-2000, 2003-2006, 2011-2013, 2016-2021 |
| 37. | Croatia | 1993-1995, 1998-2000, 2008-2011 |
| 38. | Cyprus | 1976-1978, 1985-1988, 1998-2001 |
| 39. | Czech Republic: | 1995-1998, 2008-2010 |
| 40. | Denmark | 1952 |
| 41. | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1978, 1982, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2009, 2010, 2019 |
| 42. | Djibouti | 1992, 1999, 2002, 2011 |
| 43. | Dominica | 1981, 1988 |
| 44. | Dominican Republic | 1966, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2009, 2020 |
| 45. | Ecuador | 1952, 1962, 1976, 1982, 1983, 1986, 1990, 1999, 2003, 2009, 2019 |
| 46. | Egypt | 1976, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2008, 2016 |
| 47. | El Salvador | 1952, 1961, 1981, 1984, 1989, 1995, 2001, 2004, 2009, 2020 |
| 48. | Equatorial Guinea | 1985, 1992 |
| 49. | Eritrea | 1997, 2001 |
| 50. | Estonia | 1992, 1999 |
| 51. | Eswatini | 1986, 1998, 2002, 2009 |
| 52. | Ethiopia | 1984, 1987, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2009, 2018 |
| 53. | Fiji | 1992, 2009 |
| 54. | Finland | 1975 |
| 55. | France | 1947 |
| 56. | Gabon | 1982, 1992, 1996, 2006 |
| 57. | Gambia | 1980, 1985, 1995, 1999, 2001, 2005, 2009 |
| 58. | Georgia | 1995, 2002, 2008, 2009 |
| 59. | Germany | 1952 |
| 60. | Ghana | 1965, 1983, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2009, 2015 |
| 61. | Greece | 1974, 2010, 2012, 2015 |
| 62. | Grenada | 1983, 1991 |
| 63. | Guatemala | 1953, 1960, 1966, 1986, 1996, 2009, 2014 |
| 64. | Guinea | 1960, 1978, 1982, 1987, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2009 |
| 65. | Guinea-Bissau | 1986, 1997 |
| 66. | Guyana | 1978, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2009 |
| 67. | Haiti | 1953, 1960, 1979, 1983, 1986, 1991, 1995, 1997, 2006, 2010, 2013 |
| 68. | Honduras | 1954, 1961, 1980, 1988, 1994, 1998, 2009 |
| 69. | Hungary | 1982, 1996 |
| 70. | Iceland | 2008 |
| 71. | India | 1981, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2016 |
| 72. | Indonesia | 1967, 1998, 2009 |
| 73. | Iran | 1947, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1974, 1976, 1981, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2009 |
| 74. | Iraq | 1950, 1974, 1980, 1984, 1991, 2004, 2016 |
| 75. | Ireland | 2010 |
| 76. | Israel | 1952, 1954, 1955, 1960, 1974, 1981, 1985, 1990 |
| 77. | Italy | 1951, 1975, 1978, 1981, 1992, 2011 |
| 78. | Jamaica | 1977, 1981, 1995, 2013, 2016 |
| 79. | Japan | 1947, 1952 |
| 80. | Jordan | 1952, 1989, 1991, 1995, 2002, 2012 |
| 81. | Kazakhstan | 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2009 |
| 82. | Kenya | 1965, 1971, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1994, 2000, 2011 |
| 83. | Kiribati | 2000, 2004 |
| 84. | Kosovo | 2015 |
| 85. | Kuwait | 1992 |
| 86. | Kyrgyzstan | 1995, 1996, 2002, 2005, 2010 |
| 87. | Laos | 1988, 1991, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2010 |
| 88. | Latvia | 1995, 1998, 2008 |
| 89. | Lebanon | 1982, 2002, 2020 |
| 90. | Lesotho | 1986, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2005, 2009 |
| 91. | Liberia | 1961, 1979, 1984, 1988, 1997, 2008, 2010, 2012) |
| 92. | Libya | 1952 |
| 93. | Lithuania | 1994, 1998, 2009 |
| 94. | Luxembourg | 1971 |
| 95. | Madagascar | 1964, 1977, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1991, 1994, 2001, 2004, 2009 |
| 96. | Malawi | 1965, 1981, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2012 |
| 97. | Malaysia | 1967, 1985 |
| 98. | Maldives | 1981, 1983, 2009, 2010 |
| 99. | Mali | 1962, 1968, 19 |
| 100. | Malta | 1981 |
| 101. | Marshall Islands | 2003 |
| 102. | Mauritania | 1966, 1980, 1998, 2000, 2006 |
| 103. | Mauritius | 1979, 1981, 1985, 1991, 1994, 1998 |
| 104. | Mexico | 1954, 1976, 1982, 1987, 1995, 2009 |
| 105. | Micronesia | 1991, 2004 |
| 106. | Moldova | 1993, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2009 |
| 107. | Mongolia | 1991, 1996, 1998, 2009 |
| 108. | Montenegro | 2010 |
| 109. | Morocco | 1952, 1957, 1960, 1963, 1966, 1977, 1983, 1990, 1993, 1996, 2000, 2006 |
| 110. | Mozambique | 1984, 1987, 1990, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2009 |
| 111. | Myanmar | 1950, 1960, 1977, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1998, 2012 |
| 112. | Namibia | 1990, 1996, 2001, 2009 |
| 113. | Nauru | 2003 |
| 114. | Nepal | 1961, 1981, 1985, 1991, 1995, 2002, 2009 |
| 115. | Netherlands | 1947 |
| 116. | New Zealand | 1961 |
| 117. | Nicaragua | 1978, 1985, 1990, 1998, 2009 |
| 118. | Niger | 1980, 1984, 1987, 1999, 2005, 2012 |
| 119. | Nigeria | 1962, 1983, 1986, 1991, 1998, 2000, 2005 |
| 120. | North Korea | 1987, 1991, 2005 |
| 121. | North Macedonia | 1993, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2009 |
| 122. | Norway | 1947 |
| 123. | Oman | 1986 |
| 124. | Pakistan | 1958, 1965, 1972, 1980, 1988, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2008 |
| 125. | Palau | 2008 |
| 126. | Panama | 1966, 1983, 1996, 2001 |
| 127. | Papua New Guinea | 1996, 2000, 2009 |
| 128. | Paraguay | 1956, 1987, 1998, 2003, 2004 |
| 129. | Peru | 1954, 1967, 1973, 1977, 1980, 1983, 1988, 1990, 1998, 2002, 2009 |
| 130. | Philippines | 1946, 1954, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1983, 1997, 2003 |
| 131. | Poland | 1981, 1990, 1994 |
| 132. | Portugal | 1977, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1991, 2011 |
| 133. | Qatar | 1986 |
| 134. | Romania | 1979, 1981, 1986, 1993, 1996, 2001, 2009 |
| 135. | Russia | 1992, 1998, 1999, 2009 |
| 136. | Rwanda | 1995, 2001, 2009 |
| 137. | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1998, 2011 |
| 138. | Saint Lucia | 1983, 1996, 2001, 2009 |
| 139. | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1989, 1996, 2001, 2009 |
| 140. | Samoa | 1984, 1997, 2009 |
| 141. | San Marino | 1985 |
| 142. | Sao Tome and Principe | 1981, 1986, 1990, 1996, 2000, 2006, 2009 |
| 143. | Saudi Arabia | 1950 |
| 144. | Senegal | 1960, 1978, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1994, 2000, 2004, 2009 |
| 145. | Serbia | 2001, 2009 |
| 146. | Seychelles | 1981, 1991, 2009 |
| 147. | Sierra Leone | 1962, 1968, 1971, 1976, 1982, 1986, 1992, 1996, 2001, 2010 |
| 148. | Singapore | 1967 |
| 149. | Slovakia | 1993, 1999 |
| 150. | Slovenia | 1992, 1996 |
| 151. | Solomon Islands | 1998, 2001, 2009 |
| 152. | Somalia | 1960, 1973, 1975, 1980, 1986 |
| 153. | South Africa | 1984, 1993, 1998, 2001, 2009 |
| 154. | South Korea | 1961, 1965, 1973, 1980, 1997 |
| 155. | South Sudan | 2012 |
| 156. | Spain | 1959, 1977, 1984, 1993, 2012 |
| 157. | Sri Lanka | 1949, 1954, 1957, 1966, 1975, 1979, 1986, 1990, 2001, 2009 |
| 158. | Sudan | 1953, 1962, 1965, 1970, 1973, 1978, 1985, 1992, 1997, 2000 |
| 159. | Suriname | 1983, 1991, 2003 |
| 160. | Swaziland | 1976, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1996, 2001, 2005, 2009 |
| 161. | Sweden | 1952 |
| 162. | Switzerland | 1946 |
| 163. | Syria | 1961, 1978, 1980, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2004 |
| 164. | Tajikistan | 1994, 1997, 2001, 2004, 2008 |
| 165. | Tanzania | 1967, 1986, 1990, 1996, 2001, 2005, 2009 |
| 166. | Thailand | 1960, 1967, 1980, 1984, 1997 |
| 167. | Timor-Leste | 2000, 2004, 2008 |
| 168. | Togo | 1963, 1979, 1987, 1991, 1993, 1996, 2008, 2017 |
| 169. | Tonga | 1990, 1998, 2001, 2009 |
| 170. | Trinidad and Tobago | 1960, 1982, 1989, 1991, 1995, 2009 |
| 171. | Tunisia | 1961, 1974, 1980, 1983, 1987, 1990, 1995, 2001, 2003, 2013 |
| 172. | Turkey | 1947, 1961, 1970, 1978, 1980, 1994, 1999, 2001, 2005, 2008, 2010 |
| 173. | Turkmenistan | 1996, 2001, 2004, 2009 |
| 174. | Tuvalu | 2012 |
| 175. | Uganda | 1962, 1981, 1987, 1991, 1997, 2001, 2004, 2009 |
| 176. | Ukraine | 1995, 1996, 1998, 2008, 2014 |
| 177. | United Arab Emirates | 1973 |
| 178. | United Kingdom | 1947, 1952 |
| 179. | United States | 1944 |
| 180. | Uruguay | 1961, 1983, 1991, 2005 |
| 181. | Uzbekistan | 1995, 1997, 2001, 2004, 2009 |
| 182. | Vanuatu | 1991, 1998, 2001, 2009 |
| 183. | Venezuela | 1958, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1974, 1989, 1996, 2003, 2009 |
| 184. | Vietnam | 1981, 1989, 1992, 1997 |
| 185. | Yemen | 1982, 1995, 2001, 2006 |
| 186. | Zambia | 1965, 1973, 1979, 1983, 1989, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2008 |
| 187. | Zimbabwe | 1992, 1993, 1998, 2002, 2009 |
While the conditions attached to IMF loans are often controversial, many analysts credit the organization with playing a critical role in helping countries to address economic difficulties and implement necessary economic reforms.
In conclusion, the International Monetary Fund plays a critical role in promoting economic stability and growth around the world. Its financial assistance, policy advice, and technical assistance activities have helped many countries to address economic difficulties and implement necessary economic reforms.
While the organization is not without its critics, its work remains essential in ensuring that the global economy functions effectively and benefits people around the world.